Spot on rolmops! Fleas, both Bythotrphes (spiny water flea ) and Cercopagis (fishhook water flea) are major parts of the diets of Alewife, Smelt, Cisco, & age-0 Chinook (and probably many other fish species). Data suggest Alewife often feed heavily on fleas late into the fall, essentially adding extra time to the Alewife growing season in years when the fleas are abundant. That “extra” Alewife growth seemed to start around 2004 which coincided with substantial water clarity increases & flea density increases.
As you noted Fleas definitely eat native zooplankton that Alewife previously ate. The earliest predictions were that fleas would decimate the food source of Alewife. Our observations support the idea that fleas essentially “package” smaller plankton into a larger, more efficient to consume, Alewife food source. The heavy presence of them in 2025 Age0 Chinook diets was a new and interesting wrinkle. If interested the Biomonitoring sections of the annual DEC reports have all of this in a lot more information.